The JIP – Safe and Cost Effective Operation of Flexible Pipes was established in 2011 as a combined effort between Marintek / NTNU and 4Subsea. The JIP revised the 1992 version of the Handbook on Design and Operation of Flexible Pipes to increase safety and effectiveness of flexible risers: between 1995 and October 2013, there were 85 flexible riser incidents, including 60 “Major Incidents” with loss of containment or significant probability of such loss, and incidents with high personnel risk.