Clouds & Rain makes HDH solar thermal desalination portable; Fluidic oscillation of hot air microbubbles greatly enhances evaporation rate

We propose an ion "sieve" system to concentrate LiCl from brine. The concentrated LiCl is converted to LiOH electrochemically in one step.

Clouds & Rain is a novel, energy-efficient, modular, HDH solar thermal desalination design using fluidic oscillation and advanced materials.

Clouds & Rain is a novel, feasible solar desalination design with industrial and macroeconomic impacts in energy use, costs, and simplicity.

A multi-sensory non-physical barrier (NPB): broadband sonic, ultrasonic, and looming light-dark patterns stimulate C-Start escape reflexes.